Page 77 - American English File Student Book 3B

10A GRAMMAR BANK

relative clauses non-defining relative clauses (giving extra non-essential information)

defining relative clauses (giving essential information) T h is p ain tin g , which w as painted in 1 8 6 0 , is w orth m illio n s 5*30)))
o f d ollars.
1 Ju lia’s the w om an who / that w orks in the 5 29))) L a st w eek I visited m y au n t, who’s nearly 9 0 y ears old.
office w ith m e. B u rfo rd , where m y g ran d fath e r w as b o rn , is a b eau tifu l little tow n .
It’s a self-help b o o k that / which teaches you how to M y neighbor, whose so n goes to m y so n ’s sch o o l, h as ju st rem arried.
relax.
T h a t’s the h ou se where I w as b o rn .
• N o n -d efin in g relative clau ses give ex tra (o ften n on -essen tial
2 Is F ra n k the man whose b ro th e r plays fo r the
in fo rm a tio n ) in a sen ten ce. I f th is clau se is o m itted , the sen ten ce still
L akers?
m akes sense.
I t’s a p lan t whose leaves ch an g e co lo r in spring.
This painting, which was painted in I860, is worth millions o f dollars.
3 I ju st g ot a tex t fro m the g irl (who / that) I m et on
• N o n -d efin in g relative clau ses m u st go b etw een co m m a s (o r a com m a
the fligh t to P aris.
and a period).
T h is is the new phone (that / which) I bought yesterday.
• In th ese clau ses, you ca n ’t leave ou t the relative p ro n o u n (who, which,
etc.)
T o give im p o rta n t in fo rm a tio n abou t a p erson , place, or
• In th ese clau ses, you ca n ’t use that in stead o f who / which. N O T This-
th in g use a relative clau se (= a relative p ronou n + su b ject)
painting, that was painted in 1860, is worth millions o f dollars.
+ verb.
1 U se the relative p ronou n who / that fo r peop le, that /
which fo r th in g s / a n im a ls, and where fo r places.
• That is m ore co m m o n th an which in d efin in g clau ses.
• You ca n n o t o m it who / which / that / where in th is
kind o f clau se. N O T fnlta’s f he-mmtannvorkrinthe-
office with me.
2 U se whose to m ean “o f w ho” o r “o f w h ich .”
3 who, which, and that can be o m itted w hen the verbs
in the m ain clause and the relative clau se have a
different subject, e.g., She’s the girl I met on the plane.
• where and whose can never be o m itted , e.g.,
N O T Is-thatthc woman d og-barks?

This painting, which was painted in 1860, is worth millions of dollars.

a C o m p le te w ith who, which, that, where, o r whose. b L o o k a t th e s e n te n c e s in a. C h e c k / th e
s e n te n c e s w h e re y o u c o u ld le a v e o u t th e
M o u n ta in V iew is th e a re a where S te v e Jo b s g rew up.
re la tiv e p ro n o u n .
1 R o b an d C o r in n a ,___________h av e tw in s , o fte n n eed a b a b y sitte r.
2 T h e W h ite H o u s e ,___________th e p re sid en t o f th e U n ited S ta te s c A d d c o m m a s w h e re n e c e s s a r y in th e
liv e s, is in W a s h in g to n , D .C . s e n te n c e s .
3 T h e s a n d w ic h ___________you m ad e m e y esterd a y w as d elicio u s.
C a r o lin e , w h o lives n e x t d o o r to m e , is
4 T h e w o m a n ___________lived h ere b e fo re u s w as a w riter.
b e a u tifu l.
5 S tie g L a r s s o n ,___________b o o k s fo rm th e Millennium Trilogy, d ied
1 T h is is th e p la ce w h ere Jo h n cra sh ed h is car.
in 2 0 0 4 .
2 T h e m u seu m th a t w e v isited y esterd ay w as
6 M y c o m p u te r is a lo t fa ste r th a n th e o n e ___________you b o u g h t. a m a z in g .
7 T h e Mona Lisa,___________h a s b e e n d am ag ed sev eral tim e s , is now
3 B e ijin g w h ich is o n e o f th e w o rld ’s b ig g est
d isp lay ed b e h in d b u lle tp r o o f g lass. c itie s h o sted th e 2 0 0 8 O ly m p ic G a m e s.
8 L o o k ! T h a t ’s th e w o m a n ___________d o g b it m e la st w eek .
4 M ic h a e l Ja c k so n ’s Thriller w h ich w as
9 O n o u r la s t v a c a tio n w e v isite d S tra tfo rd -U p o n -A v o n ,___________ re le a se d in 1 9 8 2 w a s o n e o f th e b e st-se llin g
S h a k e sp e a re w as b o rn . a lb u m s o f th e 8 0 s .
10 W e a ll w en t to th e g a m e e x c e p t M a r ia n n e ,___________d o e s n ’t like 5 T h e s e a re th e sh o e s th a t I ’m w e a rin g to the
b a sk e tb a ll. p a rty to n ig h t.
11 T h a t m a n ___________y o u saw a t th e p a rty w a s m y b o y frie n d ! 6 S a lly and Jo e w h o g o t m a rrie d la st y e a r are
12 T h a t ’s th e p a r k ___________I le a rn e d to rid e a b ik e. e x p e c tin g th e ir firs t baby.

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