Page 74 - American English File Student Book 3B

8B

gerunds and infinitives • M o re verbs take the in fin itiv e th an the gerund.
• T h e se co m m o n verbs can take eith er the in fin itiv e
gerund (verb + -ing) o r geru nd w ith no d ifferen ce in m ean in g : start,

begin, continue, e.g., It started to rain. It started
1 I ’m n o t very good at remembering n am es. 4 46))) raining.
K a tie ’s given up eating ju n k food .
2 Driving at n ig h t is very tirin g . Verb + person + infinitive
Shopping is m y fav orite th in g to do o n w eekends. We also use the infinitive after some verbs,
3 I hate not being on tim e fo r thin gs. e.g., ask, tell, want, would like+ person.
I don’t mind getting up early. Can you ask the manager to come?
She told him not to worry.
• W e use the geru nd (verb + -ing) I want you to do this now.
1 a fte r p rep o sitio n s and p h rasal verbs. We'd realty like you to come.
2 as the su b ject o f a sen ten ce.
3 a fte r som e verbs, e.g., hate, spend, don’t mind.
the base form
• C o m m o n verbs th a t take the geru nd include: admit, avoid, deny,
dislike, enjoy, feel like, finish, hate, keep, like, love, mind, miss,
1 I can’t drive. 4 48)))
practice, prefer, recommend, spend time, stop, suggest, and phrasal
W e must hurry.
verbs, e.g., give up, go on, etc.
2 S h e alw ays makes m e laugh.
• T h e negative gerund = not + verb + -ing
M y p arents d id n ’t let m e go ou t la st night.
the infinitive
• W e use the b ase form
1 a fte r m ost m odal and au xiliary verbs.
1 M v ap artm en t is very easy to find. 4 47)))
2 a fte r make and let.
2 S im o n is savin g m on ey to buy a new car.
3 M y sister h as never learned to drive. Try not to make n oise.
C j Verbs that can take a gerund or an infinitive,
but the meaning is different
• W e use the in fin itiv e Try to be on time. (- make an effort to be on
1 a fte r ad jectiv es. time)
2 to exp ress a reason o r pu rpose. Try doing yoga. (= do it to see if you like it)
3 a fte r som e verbs, e.g., want, need, learn. Remember to call him. (= don't forget to do it)
I remember meeting him years ago. (= I have a
• C o m m o n verbs th at take the in fin itiv e inclu de: (can’t) afford, agree,
memory of it)
decide, expect, forget, help, hope, learn, need, offer, plan, pretend,
promise, refuse, remember, seem, try, want, would like.
• T h e negative in fin itiv e = not to + verb.

a (C ir c le ) th e c o r r e c t fo r m . b C o m p le te w ith a v e rb fr o m th e lis t in th e c o r r e c t fo r m .
I ’m in ch a rg e o f^ecruitinjpl to recruit n ew sta ff.
not buy commute leave lock not make
1 I t’s im p o rta n t fo r m e spending / to spend tim e w ith m y retire set-up wear work not worry
fam ily .
2 Applying / Apply fo r a jo b c a n b e co m p lica te d . I’d lik e to set up m y o w n co m p an y .

3 T h e m a n a g e r ask ed m e not saying / not to say a n y th in g 1 M y p a re n ts a re p la n n in g ___________b e fo re th e y a re 6 5 .
a b o u t th e d o w n siz in g . 2 R o b sp e n d s th re e h o u r s ___________to w o rk an d b a ck
4 M y b o s s w a n ts m e start / to start w o rk ea rlier. ev ery day.

5 B e c a re fu l not asking / not to ask h e r a b o u t her 3 M a r k ’s w ife told h im ___________a b o u t th e p ro b le m s he
b o y frie n d - th ey b ro k e up. had a t w ork .
6 W e k ep t working / to work u n til w e fin ish e d . 4 D id you r e m e m b e r ___________th e d o o r?

7 D av e is v ery g oo d a t solving / to solve lo g ic p ro b lem s. 5 In th e end I d e c id e d ___________th e sh o e s b e c a u s e they
8 T h e b e s t th in g a b o u t w ee k en d s is not going / not to go w ere v ery e x p en siv e.
to w ork . 6 T h e m a n a g e r le ts u s ___________ea rly o n Frid ay s.

9 L ayla gave up modeling / to model w h en sh e had a baby. 7 A ll em p lo y ee s m u s t___________a ja ck e t an d tie at w ork .
10 1 to o k a tr a in in g c o u rs e to learning / to learn a b o u t th e 8 P lea se t r y ___________a n y m o re m is ta k e s in th e re p o rt.
n ew so ftw a re . 9 1 d o n ’t m in d ___________o v e rtim e d u rin g th e w eek.

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